Effects of Five–Year Inorganic and Organic Fertilization on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Phosphorus Resupply for Plant P Uptake during Maize Growth

A better understanding of the P dynamic resupply roles fertilization from soil solids to solution is urgently required optimize sustainable fertilizer management practices for efficient supply. five–year experiment was used investigate effects on fractions and availability, kinetic based a novel simulation technique (Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) DGT–induced fluxes sediments soils (DIFS) ) identify dominant factors during maize season under five treatments (no (CK), chemical (NPK), combined with bone meal (NPKC), crop straw (NPKS) bioorganic (NPKM)). The results showed that NPKC NPKM had higher enhancement Olsen–P organic inorganic Ca2–P, Ca8–P, Al–P Fe–P at growth stages, they buffered pH decrease delay substantial release until late stage. Inorganic heavily effected levels. NPKS, yielded CDGT–P levels stronger capacity, reflected by R CE/Csoln smaller Tc values. path model revealed plant uptake determined an supply pool. They were positively dominated matter (SOM). Our suggested fertilization, especially treatments, provided greater pool uptake, identifying them as highly effective developing agriculture.